The following are the categories of lexical chunks according to the author of The Lexical Appraoch :
Polywords (Multi-Word Expressions):
Phrasal Verbs: give up, take off, look after
Idioms: kick the bucket, hit the books, under the weather
Fixed Expressions: once in a while, by the way, as a matter of fact
Collocations (Words That Tend to Go Together):
Strong collocations: take a break, make a decision, catch a cold
Weak collocations: do homework, have a shower, take a walk
Institutionalized Utterances (Fixed Phrases Often Used in Specific Situations):
Greetings: Hello, How are you?, Goodbye
Expressions of Gratitude: Thank you, You're welcome
Apologies: I'm sorry, Excuse me
Sentence Heads and Frames (Common Sentence Structures):
It's (adj.) to (infinitive verb)...
I don't know (how/why/what)...
Can/Could you (infinitive verb)...?
Discourse Markers
Words or phrases that help organize spoken or written language and indicate relationships between ideas, like "firstly," "in addition," or "however."
Below is an illustration on what you can do to learn and apply lexical chunks to develop your own answers in Flipmapp learning organization system:
Speaking Part 3 question:
How can overcoming challenges and obstacles contribute to personal growth and character development?
In Flipmapp, you can use highlighting tools to identify groups of lexical chunks to apply in developing your own answers, and save in memory box for spaced repetition learning to absorb and digest three main ideas, and three supporting examples and explanations for each idea.
Intermediate Level Model Answer:
Overcoming challenges and obstacles plays a pivotal role in personal growth and character development. Firstly, facing difficult situations helps individuals learn from their experiences and gain valuable life lessons. Secondly, conquering obstacles boosts self-confidence and resilience, allowing them to approach future challenges with a positive mindset. Moreover, navigating through tough times hones problem-solving skills and fosters inner strength. Lastly, overcoming hurdles often involves seeking support from others, which strengthens social bonds and creates a sense of community. In essence, overcoming challenges leads to personal growth, improved character, and a more optimistic outlook on life.
Lexical Chunks:
Collocations:
Plays a pivotal role
Gain valuable life lessons
Approach future challenges
Hones problem-solving skills
Face difficult situations
Conquer obstacles
Phrasal Verbs:
Navigates through tough times
Seek support from others
Idiomatic Expressions:
Plays a pivotal role
Tough times
Fixed Phrases:
Character development
Improved character
Positive mindset
Sentence Frames:
Overcoming challenges and obstacles plays a pivotal role in...
Conquering obstacles boosts self-confidence and resilience...
Moreover, navigating through tough times hones...
Proverbial Expressions:
"When the going gets tough, the tough get going."
Advanced Level Model Answer:
Overcoming challenges and obstacles is the crucible in which personal growth and character development are forged. Confronting and conquering adversities propel individuals beyond their comfort zones, unveiling their true potential. This transformative journey instills unwavering determination and resilience, equipping them with the inner strength to face future hurdles with fortitude. Moreover, such experiences nurture empathy and compassion, as they gain insights into their struggles and those of others. Ultimately, surmounting obstacles cultivates elevated character, profound wisdom, and an enduring spirit of optimism in the face of life's trials.
Lexical Chunks:
Collocations:
Unveil true potential
Equip with inner strength
Cultivate elevated character
Surmounting obstacles
Phrasal Verbs:
Propel individuals beyond comfort zones
Face future hurdles with fortitude [courage over a long period]
Forge ahead : to suddenly make a lot of progress with something
Idiomatic Expressions:
Forged in the crucible [to make or produce something, especially with some difficulty]
In the face of life's trials
Fixed Phrases:
Cultivate elevated character
Profound wisdom
Transformative journey
Sentence Frames:
Overcoming challenges and obstacles are the crucible in which...
Confronting and conquering adversities propel individuals beyond...
Moreover, such experiences nurture empathy and compassion...
Proverbial Expressions:
"What doesn't kill you makes you stronger."
"Smooth seas do not make skillful sailors."